| ProductDetails | |
|---|---|
| Synonyms | Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)fromS.minnesotastrainR3(Rd2),R-type(rough/mutant)LPS |
| ProductType | Chemical |
| Properties | |
| Source/HostChemicals | IsolatedandpurifiedfromS.minnesotastrainR3. |
| PurityChemicals | ≥99.9%.NodetectableDNA,RNAandproteintraces. |
| Formulation | Liquid.Colourlessclearaqueoussolution. |
| Concentration | 1mg/mlstABIlisedinsterile,double-distilledwater(ddWater),withoutanyadditives. |
| BIOLOGicalActivity | Optimalconcentrationisdependentuponcelltype,species,desiredactivationandanalysis:0.05-1.0μg/ml.DoesnotactivateanyTLRotherthanTLR4astestedupto50μg/mlinrelevantcellularsystems(macrophages). |
| Declaration | ManufacturedbyInnaxon. |
| OtherProductData | TLRpure™:•QualifiedPurity&Activity•HighpotencyTLR4-specificLigands•Ultrapure(nodetectableprotein,RNAandDNA)•TestedonTLR4KOmurinemacrophages•StandardisedAqueousSterileSolutions•Nopurificationorhazardoussolubilisation•Excellentlot-to-lotconsistency |
| ShippingandHandling | |
| Shipping | AMBIENT |
| ShortTermStorage | +4°C |
| LongTermStorage | +4°C |
| HandlingAdvice | Donotfreeze. Toyielda100μg/ml(1,000-100x)stocksolutionadd100μlofLPSto900μlendotoxin-freeandsterileddWater(Cat.No.:IAX-900-002)or0.9%NaClSolution(Cat.No.:IAX-900-003)andmixwell. PreparedilutedLPSworkingsolutionsjustpriortouse,keepsterile.Ready-madesolutioniscellculture-grade. |
| Use/Stability | Stableforatleast2yearsafterreceiptwhenstoredat+4°C. |
| Documents | |
| MSDS |  DownloadPDF |
| ProductSpecificationSheet | |
| Datasheet | DownloadPDF |
ActivationofcellsbyLPSismediatedbytheToll-likereceptor4(TLR4).ForoptimalinteractionwithLPS,TLR4requiresassociationwithmyeloiddifferentiationprotein2(MD-2).AccordingtocurrentconsensusactivationofTLR4isprecededbythetransferofLPStomembrane-bound(m)orsoluble(s)CD14byLPS-bindingprotein(LBP).Re-formLPSandlipidA,butnotS-formLPS,arecapableofinducingTNF-αresponsesalsointheabsenceofCD14.LPS,synthesizedbymostwild-type(WT)Gram-negativebacteria(S-formLPS),consistsofthreeregions,theO-polysaccharidechain,whichismadeupofrepeatingoligosaccharideunits,thecoreoligosaccharideandthelipidA,whichharborstheendotoxicactivityoftheentiremolecule.R-formLPSsynthesizedbytheso-calledrough(R)mutantsofGram-negativebacterialackstheO-specificchain.FurThermore,thecore-oligosaccharidemaybepresentindifferentdegreesofcompletion,dependingontheclass(RatoRe)towhichthemutantbelongs.LPSareamphipathicmoleculeswhosehydrophobicitydecreaseswithincreasinglengthofthesugarpart.Baseduponthesedifferences,S-andR-formLPSshowmarkeddifferencesinthekineticsoftheirbloodclearanceandcellularuptakeaswellasintheabilitytoinduceoxidativeburstinhumangranulocytesandtoactivatethehostcomplementsystem.
- AnewmethodfortheextractionofRlipopolysaccharides:C.Galanos,etal.;Eur.J.Biochem.9,245(1969)
- Electrodialysisoflipopolysaccharidesandtheirconversiontouniformsaltforms:C.Galanos&O.Lüderitz;Eur.J.Biochem.54,603(1975)
- ImmunoblotanalysisoftheR-formlipopolysaccharidefromSalmonellaSforms:S.Schlecht,etal.;Zentralbl.Bakteriol.277,288(1992)
- IsolationandpurificationofR-formlipopolysaccharides:C.Galanos&O.Lüderitz;MethodsinCarbohydrateChem.9,11(1993)
- TheinfluenceoflowgrowthtemperatureontheamountoffreeRlipopolysaccharide,ontheexpressionofR-coredeterminantsandonO-chainlengthsinSalmonellaSforms:S.Schlecht&H.Mayer;Zentralbl.Bakteriol.280,448(1994)
